African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review

Lawal, Bashir; Shittu, Oluwatosin K.; Oibiokpa, Florence I.; Berinyuy, Eustace B.; Mohammed, Hadiza

doi:10.1186/s40816-016-0037-0

Clinical Phytoscience

International Journal of Phytomedicine and Phytotherapy

Table 1 Antioxidants activities of West African plants

From: African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review

Plants	Family	Part used	Solvents	Assay Methods	Inhibition/IC₅₀	Country of origin	References
Abrus precatorius L.	Leguminosae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	72.48% at 5 mg/mL	Nigeria	[136]
Abrus precatorius L.	Leguminosae	Seed/Shell	Oil	DPPH/ABTS/LP/NO	52.9.1.9,2.1/3,3,1.4,1.2 mg/mL	Nigeria	[137]
Artemisia absinthii L.	Asteraceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	2228 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Acacia ataxacantha DC.	Fabaceae	Bark	CH₂Cl₂/EtOAc	DPPH	65/54% at 62.5 μg/mL	Benin	[138]
Acacia macrostachya Rchb. ex DC.	Verbenaceae	Root	MeOH	DPPH	4.30 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[139]
Acalypha segetalis Mull.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	>200 μg/mL	Nigeria	[140]
Acalypha torta L.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	>200 μg/mL	Nigeria	[140]
Acanthospermum hispidium DC.	Asteraceae	Aerial parts	MeOH	DPPH	−	Benin	[141]
Adansonia digitata L.	Bombacaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	77.36%	Guinea	[142]
Adansonia digitata L.	Bombacaceae	Leaf	BtOH	FRAP	78%. at 500 μg/mL	Nigeria	[143]
Adansonia digitata L.	Bombacaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	24.50 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Aframomum melegueta K.Schum.	Zingiberaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	111.12%	Guinea	[142]
Aframomum melegueta K.Schum.	Zingiberaceae	−	(CH₃)₂CO	DPPH/SAS	0.11/0.105 mg/mL	Nigeria	[145]
Albizia chevalieri Harms.	Fabaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	94.732% at 250 μg/mL	Nigeria	[146]
Alchornea laxiflora Pax & K. Hoffm.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaf	BtOH	FRAP		Nigeria	[143]
Alchornea ordifolia Mull. Arg.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaf	EtOAc/(CH₃) ₂CO	DPPH	99.4/79% at 1.56 mg/mL	Nigeria	[147]
Allium sativum L.	Alliaceae	Spice	H₂O	DPPH/ABTS	1.4/0.66 mg/mL	Nigeria	[148]
Alstonia boonei De wild.	Apocynaceae	Cortex/Folium/Radix	MeOH	DPPH	++/++	Nigeria	[38]
Alstonia boonei De wild.	Apocynaceae	Stem	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	68.5/1.40% at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Althaeae radix L.	Malvaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	59 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Amaranthus hybridus L.	Amaranthaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	9.0 ± 2.1 μg/mL	Nigeria	Adetutu et al., 2013 [150]
Amaranthus viridis L.	Amaranthaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	3.4 ± 0.25 μg/mL	Nigeria	Adetutu et al., 2015
Anarcadium occidentale L.	Anacardaceae	Bark	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	43.5/0.70 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Anisopus mannii N.E.Br.	Aslepiadaceae	Stem/Leaf/Root	H₂O	RSA	0.2/0.15/0.19 mM	Nigeria	[151]
Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr.	Combretaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	79.09 at 5 mg/mL	Nigeria	[136]
Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr.	Combretaceae	Root	H₂O	H₂O₂/Fe³⁺	0.53/0.39%	Nigeria	[152]
Antidesma venosum E. Mey. ex Tul.	Euphorbiaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	9.53%	Guinea	[142]
Arctostasphylos uva-ursi L. (Spreng).	Ericaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	13207 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Argemone Mexicana L.	Papaveraceaea	Entire plant	MeOH	DPPH	1.73 μg/mL	Benin	[141]
Asperulae herba L.	Rubiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	2557 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile.	Balantiaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	52.53 μg/mL	Togo	[153]
Bardanae folium	Asteraceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	2337 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Basilici herba L.	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	5314 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Bauhinia rufescens Lam.	Caesalpiniaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	74.65% at 50 μg/mL	Nigeria	[154]
Besella alba L.	Basellaceae	Leaf/Stem	MeOH	DPPH	+/−	Nigeria	[39]
Betulae folium L.	Betulaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	3896 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Blepharis lineariifolia Pers.	Acanthaceae	Stem/Leaf	H₂O	DPPH	44 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[155]
Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig	Sapindaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	38.54%	Guinea	[142]
Boerhavia diffusa L.	Nyctaginaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	++	Nigeria	[156]
Boswellia dalzielii Hutch.	Burceraceae	Stem back	EtOH	DPPH	83% at 10 μg/mL	Benin	[157]
Brachystegia eurycoma Harms.	Fabaceae	Seed	EtOH	DPPH	59.70 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Brassica juncea (L.) Coss.	Brassicaceae	Seed	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	68.9/1.30% at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Bridelia ferruginea Benth.	Euphorbiaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	13.30%	Guinea	[142]
Bridelia micrantha Baill.	Phyllanthaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	97.70/1.39 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Bursae pastoris herba	Brassicaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	654 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Byrsocarpus coccineus Schumach. & Thonn.	Connraceae	Folium/Radix	MeOH	DPPH	++/++	Nigeria	[38]
Byrsocarpus coccineus Schumach. & Thonn	Connaraceae	Root	MeOH	DPPH	−	Benin	[141]
Calendulae flos L.	Asteraceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	1347 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Calliandria surinamensis Engl.	Fabaceae	Flower	MeOH	DPPH	<30% at 0.1 mg/mL	Nigeria	[159]
Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.	Burseraceae	Cortex	MeOH	DPPH	++++	Nigeria	[38]
Cantaurii herba Rafn.	Gentianaceae		H₂O	FRAP	1347 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Cantharelle cibarius Fr.	Cantherallaceae	Mushroom	−	LPO	49.74 nM	Nigeria	[160]
Cantharellus cibarius Fr.	Cantharellaceae	Fruit	MeOH/EtOH	DPPH	2.68/3.12 mg/mL	Nigeria	[161]
Canthium setosum Hiern.	Rubiaceae	Aerial parts	MeOH	DPPH	3.47 μg/mL	Benin	[141]
Capsicum frutescens L.	Solanaceae	Spice	H₂O	DPPH/ABTS	1.55/0.45 mg/mL	Nigeria	[148]
Carica papaya L.	Caricaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	0.58 mg/mL	Nigeria	[162]
Cassia sieberiana DC.	Fabaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	50 μg/mL	Nigeria	[163]
Cassia sieberiana DC.	Fabaceae	Stem	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	40.1/0.83 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Casstha filiformis mill.	Lauraceae	Stem	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	75.8/1.61 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Casuarina equisetifolia L.	Casuarinaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	88.97% at 100 μg/mL	Benin	[164]
Ceratotheca sesamoides Endl.	Pedaliaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	2.9 μg/mL	Ivory coast	[165]
Cetrariae lichen (L.) Ach.	Parmeliaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	125 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Chamomillae flos L.	Asteraceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	2856 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Chellidonii herba L.	Papaveraceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	3401 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Cichorii herba L.	Asteraceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	1408 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Citrus sinensis Pers.	Rutaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	69.7/1.22 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Cleome gynandra L.	Capparidaceae	Leaf	CH₂Cl₂	DPPH	>38.4 μg/mL	Ivory coast	[165]
Clerodendrum formicarum Gurke.	Lamiacea	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	>200 μg/mL	Cameroo	[140]
Clitocybe odora (Fr) P. Kumm.	Tricholometaceae	Mushroom	−	LPO	52.10 nM	Nigeria	[160]
Cnestis ferruginea DC.	Connaraceae	Leaf	H₂O	Fe²/RP/DPPH	45.25/121.5/21.55 μg/mL	Ivory coast	[166]
Cnestis ferruginea DC.	Connaraceae	Cortex/Folium/Radix	MeOH	DPPH	++++/++++/++++	Nigeria	[38]
Cnidoscolus acontifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaf	BtOH	FRAP	76% at 500 μg/mL	Nigeria	[143]
Cola lepidota K. Schum.	Sterculiaceae	Leaf	MeOH/CHCl₃	DPPH	190/50 μg/mL	Nigeria	[167]
Combretum micranthum G. Don.	Combretaceae	Leaf	H₂O	ABTS	16.37 μMol Trolox/μg	Burkina Faso	[168]
Crataegi flos L.	Rosaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	3025 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Crateva adansonii Forst. F.	Capparaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	1562. 52 mg/mL	Nigeria	Tsado et al., 2016b [169]
Crinum jagus (J.Thomps.) Dandy.	Amarllidaceae	Bulb	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	85.78/1.86 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Crinum purpurascen Herbs.	Liliaceae	Folium/Radix	MeOH	DPPH	++/++	Nigeria	[38]
Croton lobatus L.	Euphorbiaceae	Aerial parts	MeOH	DPPH	1.96 μg/mL	Benin	[141]
Cymbopogon citrates Stapf.	Poaceae	Leaf	Oil	DPPH	7.48 at 0.1% oil	Burkina Faso	[170]
Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov.	Poaceae	Leaf	Oil	DPPH	18.76 at 0.1% oil	Burkina Faso	[170]
Detarium microcarpum Guill.	Caesalpiniaceae	Seed	EtOH	DPPH	89.00 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Detarium microcarpum Guill.	Caesalpiniaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	48.45 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Detarium senegalense J.F. Gmel.	Caesalpiniaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	94.26%	Guinea	[142]
Dialium dinklagei Harms.	Caesalpiniaceae	Leaf	H₂O	Fe²/RP/DPPH	14.75/133.5/21.85 μg/mL	Ivory coast	[166]
Dialium guineense Willd	Caesalpiniaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	82.44%	Guinea	[142]
Dialium guineense Willd	Caesalpiniaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	<17.57 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Dichapetalum guineense (DC.) Keay.	Dichapetalaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	−	Benin	[141]
Dicliptera verticillata C. Chr.	Acanthaceae	Stem/Leaf	H₂O	DPPH	785 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[155]
Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC.	Ebenaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	111.75%	Guinea	[142]
Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC.	Ebenaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	<17.57 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Diospyros monbuttensis Gurke.	Fabaceae	Leaf	H₂O	Fe²⁺/RP/DPPH	9.41/> 200/22.25 μg/mL	Ivory coast	[166]
Duranta repens L.	Verbenaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	72.61/1.71 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Dyschoriste perrottetii (Nees) Kuntze.	Acanthaceae	Stem/Leaf	H₂O	DPPH	45 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[155]
Ehinaceae purpurea L. (Monench)	Asteraceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	4033 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Ekebergia senegalansis A. Juss.	Meliaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	13.33 μg/mL	Nigeria	Aladesanmi et al., 2007 [156]
Entada Africana Guill. & Per.	Fabaceae	Stem back	n-C₆H₁₂	DPPH/β-CLAMS/MLP	81.08/235.30/3.53 μg/mL	Nigeria	[83]
Entada africana Guill. & Per.	Fabaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	0.40 μg/mL	Togo	[153]
Entada Africana Guill. & Per.	Fabaceae	Leaf/Stem bark/Leaf	H₂O	DPPH	3.36/1.36/1.4 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[171]
Entandrophragma angolense C. DC.	Meliaceae	Stem	MeOH	DPPH	70.34 at 5 mg/mL	Nigeria	[136]
Epilobii herba	Rosaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	7899 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Equiseti herba	Equisetaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	2222 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Erythrina sigmoidea pobeg.	Fabaceae	Stem Bark	MeOH	DPPH	>200 μg/mL	Nigeria	[140]
Ethulia conyzoides L.F.	Asteraceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	46.16 ± 1.52 μg/mL	Nigeria	[172]
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.	Myrtaceae	Leaf	Oil	DPPH	3.68 at 0.1% oil	Burkina Faso	[170]
Euphrasiae herba	Orobandiaceae	Leaf	H₂O	FRAP	3107 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Farfarae folium	Asteraceae	Leaf	H₂O	FRAP	5350 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Felicia muricata Nees.	Asteraceae	Leaf	MeOH/(CH₃) ₂CO	DPPH	70/410/120 μg/mL	Nigeria	[173]
Ficus asperifolia Miq.	Moraceae	Leaf	H₂O	DPPH/Fe²/FRAP/NO/OH	78.65/59.27/44.05/47.03/29.25 at 5 mg/mL	Nigeria	[174]
Ficus capensis Thunb	Moraceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	13.05%	Guinea	[142]
Ficus dicranostyla Mildbr.	Moraceae	Leaf	CH₂Cl₂	DPPH	>38.4 μg/mL	Côte	[165]
Ficus exasperate Roxb.	Moraceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	23% at 10 μg/mL	Benin	[157]
Ficus platyphylla Delile.	Moraceae	Stem bark	MeOH	DPPH	1.93 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[139]
Ficus sycomorus L.	Moraceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	<17.57 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Flacourtia flavescens Willd.	Flacourtiaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	>70% at 100 μg/mL	Benin	[157]
Foeniculi fructus B.P.	Apiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	142 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Fragariae vesca L.	Rosaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	11022 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Fraxini excelsior L.	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	7129 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Funtumia elastic (Preuss) Stapf.	Apocynaceae	Folium	MeOH	DPPH	+++	Nigeria	[38]
Garcina kola Heckel.	Clusiaceae	Seed	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	69.65/1.33 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Gardenia erubescens Stapf & Hutch.	Rubiaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	<17.57 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Geranium robertianum L.	Geraniaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	10696 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Gnetum africanum Welw.	Gnetaceae	Leaf	MeOH			Nigeria	[175]
Gongronema latifolia Bush Buck (En).	Asclepiadaceae	Leaf/Stem	MeOH	DPPH	+++/+++	Nigeria	[39]
Gongronema latifolia Bush Buck (En).	Asclepiadaceae	Leaf	CH₂Cl₂	DPPH	90.70 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Gongronema latifolia Bush Buck (En).	Asclepiadaceae	Leaf	BtOH/H₂O	DPPH	0.082/0.245 mg/mL	Nigeria	[176]
Gossypium arboretum L.	Malvaceae	Back	MeOH	DPPH	++	Nigeria	Aladesanmi et al., 2012
Guiera senegalensis Lam.	Combretaceae	Stem/Leaf/Root	H₂O	DPPH	15.4/20/17 μL/3 mL	Nigeria	[151]
Harungana madagascariensis Poir.	Hypericaceae	Root	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	85/1.95 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Hederae folium	Araliaceae		H₂O	FRAP	5100 μMol/L	Nigeria	[30]
Hedranthera barteri (Hook.f.).	Apocynaceae	Folium	MeOH	DPPH	++	Nigeria	[38]
Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Persoon.	Hericiaceae	Mushroom	−	LPO	36.31 nM	Nigeria	[160]
Hibisci flos L.	Malvaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	3157 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.	Malvaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	140.9	Nigeria	[177]
Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell.	Violaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	>70% at 100 μg/mL	Benin	[157]
Hygrophila auriculata (schumach.) Heine.	Acanthaceae	Stem/leaf	H₂O	DPPH	20 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[155]
Hymenocadia acida Tul.	Phllanthacea	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	66.9/1.48 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Hypericum perforatum L.	Hypericaceae		H₂O	FRAP	5127 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Icacina trichantha Oliv.	Icacinaceae	Cortex	MeOH	DPPH	++	Nigeria	[38]
Ipomoea asarifolia Roem.	Convolvulaceae	Stem/Leaf/Root	H₂O	DPPH	50/42/65 μL/mL	Nigeria	[151]
Irvingia gabonensis Baill. ex Lanen.	Irvingiaceae	Seed	EtOH	DPPH	15.30 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Justicia galeopsis T. Anderson ex C.B. Clarke.	Acanthaceae	Leaf	CH₂Cl₂	DPPH	>38.4 μg/mL	Ivory Coast	[165]
Khaya grandifoliola C.DC.	Meliaceae	Stem back	n-C₆H₁₂	DPPH/β-CLAMS/MLP	50.00/13.86/2.99 μg/mL	Nigeria	[83]
Khaya senegalensis A. Juss.	Meliaceae	Stem bark	MeOH	DPPH	42.58 at 5 mg/mL	Nigeria	[136]
Khaya senegalensis A. Juss.	Meliaceae	Leaf	H₂O	ABTS	15.47/21.97 μMol Trolox/μg	Burkina Faso	[168]
Kigelia Africana (Lam.) Benth.	Bignoniaceae	Leaf/Stem bark	MeOH	DPPH	56.9 and 13.7 μg/mL	Ghana	[178]
Laccaria amethystine (Huds) Cook.	Hydnangiaceae	Mushroom	−	LPO	53.64 nM	Nigeria	[160]
Laccaria laccata (Scop) Cook.	Hydnangiaceae	Mushroom	--	LPO	34.77 nM	Nigeria	[160]
Lactarius deliciousus (L. ex Fr) S.F. Gray.	Russulaceae	Mushroom	−	LPO	34.46 nM	Nigeria	[160]
Lactuca taraxicofolia (Wild.) Schum.	Asteraceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	2.0 ± 0.3 μg/mL	Nigeria	Adetutu et al., 2015
Landolfia owariensis P. Beauv.	Apocynaceae	Folium	MeOH	DPPH	+++	Nigeria	[38]
Landolphia heudelotii A. DC.	Apocynaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	8.34 s %	Guinea	[142]
Lannea acida A. Rich.	Anacardiaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	29.77%	Guinea	[142]
Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K. Krause.	Anacardiaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	<17.57 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Lannea nigritana (scott Elliot) Keay.	Anacardiaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	7.53%	Guinea	[142]
Lantana ukambensis (Vatke) Verdc.	Verbenaceae	Stem	MeOH	DPPH	5.96 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[139]
Lapaca spp	Lapacaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	51.15/1.01 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	Chinaka et al., 2013
Laportea Aestuans (L.) Chew.	Urticaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH/O₂/OH/NO/H₂O₂/ABTS/LPO	15.0/247.0/84.3/67.3/230.7/81.0/82.7	Nigeria	[179]
Laurus nobilis L.	Lauraceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	1260 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Lavandulae angustifolia Mill.	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	7377 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Leea guinensis L.	Leeceae	Lignum	MeOH	DPPH	++	Nigeria	[38]
Lepidagathis anobrya Nees.	Acanthaceae	Stem/Leaf	H₂O	DPPH	16.33 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[155]
Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cook.	Tricholometaceae	Mushroom	−	LPO	53.65 nM	Nigeria	[160]
Lepista saeva (Fr) Cook.	Tricholometaceae	Mushroom	−	LPO	34.46 nM	Nigeria	[160]
Lippia multiflora Moldeuke.	Verbanaceae	Leaf	Oil	DPPH	39.29 at 0.1% oil	Burkina Faso	[170]
Luglandis folium	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	7432 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Macrolepiotata procera (Scp) Singer.	Lepiotaceae	Mushroom	--	LPO	38.75 nM	Nigeria	[160]
Majoranae folium Mull. Arg.	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	4453 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Mallotus oppositifolius (Geiseler) Mull. Arg.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	78.92/1.69 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Malvae herba L.	Malvaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	927 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Mangifera indica Blume.	Anacardiacea	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	0.313 mg/mL	Nigeria	[162]
Markhamia tomentosa K. schum. ex Engl	Bignoniaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	16.50 μg/mL	Nigeria	[156]
Marrubium vulgare L.	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	1653 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Massularia acuminata (G.Don) Bullock.	Rubiaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	4.00 μg/mL	Nigeria	[156]
Melissa officinalis L.	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	25234 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Mentha piperita L.	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	8987 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Achille Millefolium L.	Asteraceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	3228 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Monodora myristica Blanco.	Annonaceae	Seed	CH₂Cl₂	DPPH	54.50 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Morinda lucida Benth.	Rubiacae	Leaf/Root	Oil	DPPH/ABTS/LP	7.82,6.20,0.08/7.82,8.82 and 0.02 mg/mL	Nigeria	[137]
Morus nigra L.	Moraceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	2360 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Mucuna pruriens (L) DC.	Fabaceae	Leaf	H₂O/EtOH	DPPH	32.63/41.40 at 10 mg/mL	Nigeria	[180]
Mucuna pruriens (L) DC.	Fabaceae	Seed	EtOH	DPPH	7.30 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Murraya koenigi (L.) Sprenge	Rutaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	31.30/0.58 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv	Cecropiaceae	Leaf	CH₂Cl₂	DPPH	15.20 μg/mL	Ivory coast	[165]
Myristica fragrans Houtt.	Myristicaceae	−	(CH₃) ₂CO	DPPH/SAS	0.10/0.135 mg/mL	Nigeria	[145]
Myrtilli fructus	Ericaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	7539 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Nauclea latifolia Blanco.	Rubiaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	79.61%	Guinea	[142]
Nauclea latifolia Blanco.	Rubiaceae	Root	MeOH	DPPH	1.56 μg/mL	Benin	[141]
Nelsonia canescens spreng.	Acanthaceae	Stem/Leaf	H₂O	DPPH	24.33 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[155]
Newbouldia laevis (P.Beauv.)	Bignoniaceae	Leaf	H₂O	Fe²/RP/DPPH	7.28/148/19.5 μg/mL	Ivory coast	[166]
Newbouldia laevis (P.Beauv.)	Bignoniaceae	Leaf	BtOH	FRAP	72% at 500 μg/mL	Nigeria	[143]
Newbouldia laevis (P.Beauv.)	Bignoniaceae	Leaf	H₂O	RP/DPPH	148.0/19.5	Ivory coast	[166]
Newbouldia laevis (P.Beauv.)	Bignoniaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	155.17 mg/mL	Nigeria	Tsado et al., 2016b [169]
Nymphaea lotus L.	Nympheaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	82.99%	Guinea	[142]
Ocimum basilicum L.	Lamiaceae	Leaf	Oil	DPPH	3.82 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[170]
Ocimum canum L.	Lamiaceae	Leaf	Oil	DPPH	4.20 at 0.1% oil	Burkina Faso	[170]
Ocimum gratissimum L.	Lamiaceae	Leaf	CH₂Cl₂	DPPH	55.70 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Olax varidis L	Olaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	58.19/1.19 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Oleae folium Hoffmans. & Link	Oleaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	3945 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Oncoba spinosa Forssk.	Flacourtiaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	13.52%	Guinea	[142]
Oxalis corniculata L.	Oxalidaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	95.68% at 100 μg/mL	Benin	[164]
Ozoroa insignis Delile.	Anacardiaceae	Stem	MeOH	DPPH	7.53 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[139]
Parinari curatelifolia Planch. Ex Benth.	Chrysobalanaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	0.20 μg/mL	Togo	[153]
Parinari curatelifolia Planch. Ex Benth.	Chrysobalanaceae	Stem	MeOH	DPPH	10.5 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[139]
Parinari excelsa Sabina.	Chrysobalanaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	77.52%	Guinea	[142]
Parkia biglobosa Benth.	Fabaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	92.25%	Guinea	[142]
Parkia biglobosa Benth.	Fabaceae	Stalk	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	59.01/1.24 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Parkia biglobosa Benth.	Fabaceae	Leaf	MeOH/EtOH	DPPH	56.83/58.17% at 0.1 mg/mL	Ghana.	[181]
Parkia biglobosa Benth.	Fabaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	<17.57 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Pavetta corymbosa F.N. Williams.	Rubiaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	75.34 at 10 μg/mL	Benin	[157]
Pavetta crassipes K. schum.	Rubiaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	82.35 at 5 mg/mL	Nigeria	[136]
Petroselini crispum (Mill)	Apiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	1318 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Phaseoli pericarpum	Fabaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	319 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Phaseolus lunatus Haberle.	Fabaceae	Seed coat	-	DPPH	0.37 mg/mL	Nigeria	[182]
Picralima nitida Th. & H. Dur.	Apocynaceae	Seed	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	55.3/1.38 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Piper guineense Thonn.	Piperaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	36.90 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Plantago lancfolium	Plantaginaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	1727 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Plantago majorfolium	Plantaginaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	2733 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Pleioceras barteri Baill.	Apocynaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	-	Nigeria	Aladesanmi et al., 2012
Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr) P. Kumm	Pleuntaceae	Mushroom	-	LPO	45.84 nM	Nigeria	[160]
Plumbago zeylanica L.	Plumbaginaceae	Root	MeOH	DPPH	-	Nigeria	Aladesanmi et al., 2012
Polygonum aviculare L.	Polygonaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	1210 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Primulae radix L.	Primulaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	2197 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Psidium guajava L. (GCL).	Myrtaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	0.04 mg/mL	Nigeria	[162]
Psidium guajava L. (GCL).	Myrtaceae	Bark	MeOH	DPPH	++	Nigeria	[156]
Psidium guayava L. (GCL).	Myrtaceae	Stem bark	EtOH	DPPH	>70% at 100 μg/mL	Benin	[157]
Psorospermum febrifugum Spach.	Hypericaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	2.3 μg/mL	Ivory Coast	[165]
Pterocarpus erinaceus Lam.	Papilionaceae	Aerial parts	MeOH	DPPH	3.37 μg/mL	Benin	[141]
Pterocarpus erinaceus Lam.	Fabaceae	Stem bark	H₂O	DPPH	0.80 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[183]
Pterocarpus erinaceus Lam.	Fabaceae	Leaf/Stem bark	H₂O	ABTS	8.08/22.20 μMol Trolox/μg	Burkina Faso	[168]
Pterocarpus midbraedii Jacq.	Fabaceae	Leaf	MeOH			Nigeria	[175]
Pterocarpus milbraedii Jacq.	Fabaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	20.30 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Pterocarpus santalinoides L’He’r. ex DC.	Fabaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	8.18%	Guinea	[142]
Raphia sudanica A. Chev.	Arecaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	93.98%	Guinea	[142]
Raphiostylis beninensis Planch. ex Benth.	Icacinaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	43.33%	Guinea	[142]
Rhynchosia buettneri Harms.	Fabaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	7.5 μg/mL	Ivory Coast	[165]
Ricinus communis L.	Euphorbiaceae	Root	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	60.8/1.43 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Rosmarini officinalis L.	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	1277 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Puccinia rubi Schumach.	Phragmidiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	12211 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Puccinia rubi-idaei (DC.) P. Karst.	Phragmidiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	10025 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Saba senegalensis (A.D.C) Pichon.	Apocynaceae	Stem/Leaf	H₂O	DPPH	18.4 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	Yougbaré-Ziébrou et al., 2015 [184]
Saba senegalensis (A.D.C) Pichon.	Apocynaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	<17.57 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Sacocephalus latifolius Afzel. Ex R. Br.	Rubiaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	66.2/1.49 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Salicis cortex Senna occidentalis	Saliaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	10892 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Salviae officinalis L.	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	7603 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Sanbuci flos L.	Caprifoliaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	4055 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Satureja herba Mill.	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	5339 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Schrankia leptocarpa DC.	Mimosaceae	Entire Plant	MeOH	DPPH	1.35 μg/mL	Benin	[141]
Sclerocarya birrea HO Chst.	Anacardiaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	<17.57 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Secamone afzelii (Roem. & Schut.) K. Schum.	Asclepiadaceae	Aerial parts	MeOH	DPPH	1.74 μg/mL	Benin	[141]
Senae folium L.	Fabaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	1078 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Serpylli herba	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	10868 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Sesanum indicum L.	Pedallaceae	Leaf	CH₂Cl₂	DPPH	43.10 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link.	Fabaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	263.53 μg/mL	Nigeria	[185]
Sida acuta Burm. F.	Malvaceae	Whole plant	H₂O	ABTS	6.12 μMol Trolox/μg	Burkina Faso	[168]
Solanium aethiopicum L.	Solanaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	5.2 μg/mL	Nigeria	Adetutu et al., 2015
Solanum melongena L.	Solanaceae	Leaf	MeOH			Nigeria	[175]
Solidaginis virgaurea L.	Asteraceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	4256 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre.	Menispermaceae	Folium	MeOH	DPPH	+++	Nigeria	[38]
Sphenoceutrum jollyanum Pierre.	Menispermaceae	Root	MeOH	DPPH	++	Nigeria	[156]
Spiraea herba L.	Rosaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	15256 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Spondias mombin Jacq.	Anacardiaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	93.83%	Guinea	[142]
Stigmata maydis L.	Poaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	1009 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Strobilus lupuli L.	Cannabidaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	2204 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Strophanthus hispidus DC.	Apocynaceae	Leaf, root	MeOH	DPPH	49.8 and 45.1 μg/mL	Ghana	[178]
Strychnos spinosa Lam.	Loganiaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	111.71%	Guinea	[142]
Tamarindus indica L.	Caesalpiniaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	116.75%	Guinea	[142]
Tamarindus indica L.	Caesalpiniaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	12.42 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F.	Cucurbitaceae	Leaf/Stem	MeOH	DPPH	+/−	Nigeria	[39]
Telfaria occidentalis Hook. F.	Cucurbitaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	1.8 ± 0.2 μg/mL	Nigeria	[150]
Teraxaci folium	Asteraceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	4600 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Terminalia avicennioides Guill. & Perr.	Combretaceae	Root	H₂O	H₂O₂/Fe³⁺	0.58/0.66	Nigeria	[152]
Terminalia catappa L.	Combretaceae	Leaf	Oil	DPPH	0.084 mg/mL	Nigeria	[186]
Terminalia catappa L.	Combretaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	58.19/1.30 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Tetrapleura tetraptera Taub.	Fabaceae	Fruit	EtOH	DPPH	12.70 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Tetrapleura tetraptera Taub.	Fabaceaee	Leaf	MeOH/EtOH	DPPH	68.35/69.49% at 0.1 mg/mL	Ghana.	[181]
Thymi herba	Lamiaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	9069 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Tiliae flos Mill.	Malvaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	3807 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume.	Cannabaceae	Leaf	H₂O	Fe²/RP/DPPH	24.55/24.3/22.75 μg/mL	Ivory Coast	[166]
Trichilia heudeloti. Planch.	Meliaceae	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	6.50 μg/mL	Nigeria	Aladesanmi et al., 2012
Urticae folium L.	Urticaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	3168 mol/L	Not stated	[30]
Uvaria chamae P. Beauv.	Annonaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	13.52%	Guinea	[142]
Uvaria chanae P. Beauv.	Annonaceae	Root	MeOH	DPPH/FRAP	95.08/1.9 at 400 μg/mL	Nigeria	[149]
Verbasi flos L.	Scrophulariaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	603 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Verbenae herba	Verbinaceaae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	2089 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Vernonia amygdalina Delile.	Asteracea	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	19.33 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Vernonia Amygdalina Delile.	Astereacea	Leaf	MeOH	DPPH	85.8 at 20 μg/mL	Nigeria	[187]
Vernonia amygdalina Delile.	Asteracea	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	2.30 mg/mL	Nigeria	[162]
Veronicae officinalis L.	Plantaginaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	6514 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Violae tricolor L.	Violaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	846 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Visci albi L.	Santalaceae	Not stated	H₂O	FRAP	727 μMol/L	Not stated	[30]
Vitellaria paradoxa C.FGaertn	Sapotaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	<17.57 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Vitex doniana Sweet.	Verbenaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	82.99%	Guinea	[142]
Vitex doniana Sweet.	Verbenaceae	Leaf	H₂O/EtOH	DPPH	87.52/3.30 at 10 mg/mL	Nigeria	[180]
Voacanga Africana Stapf ex Scott Elliot.	Liliaceae	Folium	MeOH	DPPH	++++	Nigeria	[38]
Xeoderris sthulmannii L.	Fabaceae	Stem bark	MeOH	DPPH	2.36 μg/mL	Burkina Faso	[139]
Ximenia Americana L.	Olacaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	17.57 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]
Xylopia aethiopica A. Rich.	Annonaceae	Fruit	MeOH	DPPH	13.70%	Guinea	[142]
Xylopia aethiopica A. Rich.	Annonaceae	Seed	EtOH	DPPH	10.70 μg/mL	Nigeria	[158]
Zingiber officinale Roscoe.	Zingebracea	Spice	H₂O	DPPH/ABTS	1.21,/0.04 mg/mL	Nigeria	[148]
Zingiber officinale Roscoe.	Zingiberaceae	-	(CH₃) ₂CO	DPPH/SAS	0.075/0070 mg/mL	Nigeria	[145]
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.	Rhamnaceae	Fruit	MeOH	FRAP	18.28 mmol AEAC/100 g	Burkina Faso	[144]

Key: +++ Strong intensity of yellow colouration, ++ Intermediate intensity of yellow colouration, + Weak intensity of yellow colouration, − No yellow colouration, + + − Antioxidant in low quantity, + ++ − Antioxidant in moderate quantity, ++++ − Antioxidant in large quantity, RSA radical scavenging activity, RC reducing power capacity, OH hydroxyl ion, NO nitric oxide radical inhibition, H ₂ O ₂ hydrogen peroxide inhibition activity, LPO lipid peroxidation inhibition activity, ABTS ⁺ 2,2′-azinobis-3–ethylbenzothiozolin-6–sulfonic acid cation decolourization test, ß-CLAMS ß-carotene-linoleic acid model system, MLP microsomal lipid peroxydation, FRAP fe²⁺ chelating ability and ferric reducing antioxidant properties, DPPH 1,1–dipheyl-2–picry-hydrazyl, ORAC oxygen radical absorbance capacity, TEAC trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, MeOH methanol, CH ₂ Cl ₂ dichloromethane, EtOH ethanol, EtOAc ethyl acetate, n-C ₆ H ₁₂ hexane, (CH₃) ₂CO acetone, H ₂ O aqueous, BtOH butanol

Back to article page