Table 4 Antioxidants activities of Central African plants

Abrus precatorius L

Papiliomoidae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

6.88%

Cameroon

[53]

Acalypha manniana Mull. Arg.

Euphobiaceae

Leaf

MeOH/n-C₆H₁₂

DPPH

4.51 and 4.80%

Cameroon

[264]

Acalypha racemosa B. Heyne.

Euphorbiaceae

Leaf/Stem

MeOH

DPPH/NO^/HO

2.11,1.92,2.12/2.28.1.49,10.04 μg/mL

Cameroon

[52]

Acanthus montanus T. Anderson

Acanthaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

9.88%

Cameroon

[53]

Adenocarpus mannii Hook. f

Fabaceae

Leaf

EtOH

DPPH

361.30 μg/mL

Cameroon

[265]

Ageratum conizoides L.

Asteraceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

9.05%

Cameroon

[53]

Ageratum conyzoides L.

Asteraceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−9.31% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Alchornea cordifolia Pax & K. Hoffm.

Euphorbiaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

39.70%

Cameroon

[53]

Alchornea laxiflora Pax & K. Hoffm.

Euphorbiaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

95.90% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Allanblackia floribunda L.

Guttiferae

Root Bark

MeOH

DPPH

76.3 μg/mL

Cameroon

[266]

Amaranthus spinosa L.

Amaranthaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

3.78%

Cameroon

[53]

Annona muricata L.

Annonaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

9.88%

Cameroon

[53]

Annona senegalensis Pers.

Anonaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

16.17% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg.

Gentianaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

1.20 μg/mL

Congo

[267]

Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg.

Loganiaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−0.05% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Aspilia africana Pers.

Asteraceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

52.91% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Asystasia gangetica A. Juss.

Acanthaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

3.08%

Cameroon

[53]

Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Meliaceae

Bark/Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

59.80/2.88%

Cameroon

[53]

Barteria fistulosa Mast.

Passifloraceae

Leaf

EtOH

DPPH

100.16 μg/mL

Cameroon

[265]

Bersama engleriana Gunke.

Melianthaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

93.71% at 1000 μg/mL

Cameroon

[268]

Bidens pilosa L.

Asteraceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

7.57%

Cameroon

[53]

Bidens pilosa L.

Asteraceae

Bark/leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

50.92% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Bracica dera L.

Bracicaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

5.11%

Cameroon

[53]

Carica papaya L.

Caricaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

7.72%

Cameroon

[53]

Carica papaya L.

Caricaceae

Bark/leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−2.68% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Cassia alata L.

Legceasalpoidee

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

1.95%

Cameroon

[53]

Ceiba pentandra L.

Bombacea

Bark

MeOH

DPPH

28.72%

Cameroon

[53]

Centella asiatica Urb.

Apiaceae

Whole plant

MeOH

DPPH/NO

-

Cameroon

[269]

Centella asiatica Urb.

Apiaceae

Whole plant

MeOH

DPPH/NOSA

-

Cameroon

[269]

Chrysanthellum americanum Vatke.

Asteraceae

Bark/leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

17.20% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Cissus populnea Guill & Perr.

Vitaceae

Root

MeOH

DPPH/NO

15.72/409 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Cissus populnea Guill & Perr.

Vitaceae

Root

MeOH

DPPH/NOSA

15.72/409.00 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Cissus quadrangularis L.

Vitaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

2.60%

Cameroon

[53]

Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle.

Rutaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

54.59% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Citrus sinensis Pers.

Rutaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

100.00% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Cleome ciliatea

Cleomaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

1.95%

Cameroon

[53]

Clerodendrum formicarum Gurke.

Lamiacea

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

>200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[140]

Coffea arabica L.

Rubiaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

10.05% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Coffea robusta L. Linden

Rubiaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

41.23% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Coleus coprosijblius

Lamiaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

39.58%

Cameroon

[53]

Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.

Agavaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

181.30 μg/mL

Cameroon

[270]

Costus afer L.

Costaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

68.16% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Costus afer L.

Costaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

3.04%

Cameroon

[53]

Crinum sp.

Amarillidaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

4.69%

Cameroon

[53]

Crotalaria lachnophora Hochst. ex. R.

Fabaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

97.41% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Curcuma longa L.

Zingiberaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

90.36% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Cylicodiscusgabunensis Harms.

Mimosaceae

Bark

MeOH

DPPH

28.00%

Cameroon

[53]

Cymbopogon citrates Stapf.

Poaceae

Leaf

BtOH

DPPH/FRAP/RP/H₂O₂/NO

-

Angola

[271]

Cymbopogon citrates Stapf.

Poaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

6.05%

Cameroon

[53]

Cymbopogon citrates Stapf.

Poaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−9.66% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J. Lam.

Burseraceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

93.01%

Cameroon

[53]

Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J. Lam.

Burseraceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−8.20% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.F) Knntze.

Asteraceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

25.43% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Dichrostachys glomerata Chi.

Mimosaceae

Seed

EtOAc/MeOH

DPPH

High

Cameroon

[272]

Dissotis perkinsiae Gilg.

Melastomaceae

Leaf

EtOH

DPPH

130.66 μg/mL

Cameroon

[265]

Dorstenia barteri Bureau.

Moraceae

Leaf/Twig

EtOAc/MeOH

DPPH

60.46/48.12 μg/mL

Cameroon

[31]

Dracaena deisteliana Engl.

Dracaenaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

6.66%

Cameroon

[53]

Draceana deisteliana Engl.

Agavaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−0.46% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Ekebergia senegalensis Fuss.

Meliaceae

Back

MeOH

DPPH

15.83 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Ekebergia senegalensis Fuss.

Meliaceae

Bark

MeOH

DPPH/NOSA

15.83/299 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Eleusine indica Gaertn.

Poaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

1.36%

Cameroon

[53]

Emilia coccinia Cass.

Asteraceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−1.51% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Emilia cocinea Cass.

Asteraceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

2.99%

Cameroon

[53]

Enantia chlorantha Oliv.

Anonaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

53.97% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Entada africana Guill & perr.

Mimosaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

82.73% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Entandophragma angolense L.

Meliaceae

Bark

MeOH

DPPH

7.60

Cameroon

[53]

Eremomastas speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod.

Acanthaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

46.16% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Eremomastas speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod.

Acanthaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH/NO

454/278 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Eremomastas speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod.

Acanthaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

454 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Eremomastas speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod.

Acanthaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

5.43%

Cameroon

[53]

Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb) Lindl

Rosaceae

Stem bark

MeOH

DPPH

16.55 μg/mL

Cameroon

[270]

Erythrina Senegalensis L.

Fabaceae

Stem bark

EtOH

ß-CLAMS/FRAP/MLP

12.35/, 10.24/1.47 μg/mL

Cameroon

[273]

Erythrina Senegalensis L.

Fabaceae

Stem bark

MeOH

DPPH

46.9 μg/mL

Cameroon

[274]

Erythrina senegalensis L.

Fabaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

94.25% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Erythrina vogelii Hook. f.

Fabaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

>200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[140]

Eucalyptus oblique L Her.

Myrtaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

76.19% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Faraga macrophylla

Rutaceae

Bark

MeOH

DPPH

2.29%

Cameroon

[53]

Ficus asperifolia Miq.

Moraceae

Stem bark

MeOH

DPPH

Least activity

Cameroon

[272]

Ficus exasperata Vahl.

Moraceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−6.98% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Ficus sur Forssk.

Moraceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

4.91%

Cameroon

[53]

Garcinia lucida Vesque.

Clusiaceae

Fruit/Bark

MeOH

DPPH, NO, HO

1.83,3.12,1.99/2.35,3.59,2.01 μg/mL

Cameroon

[52]

Gardenia aqualla J.Ellis

Rubiaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH/NO

105.9/253 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Gardenia aqualla J.Ellis

Rubiaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH/NOSA

105.90/278.00 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Gladiolus dalenii L.

Iridaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−8.23% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Gosypium barbadense L.

Malvaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

56.98% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Harungana madagascariensis Lam.

Hypercaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

90.15%

Cameroon

[53]

Harungana madagascariensis Lam.

Hypericaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

81.75% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Hibiscus asper Hook. f.

Malvaceae

Aerial parts

n-C₆H₁₂

DPPH

Least activity

Cameroon

[272]

Hymenocardia lyrata Miq.

Phllantaceae

Root/bark

MeOH

DPPH/NO/HO

1.96,3.82,2.43/1.74,2.46,3.30 μg/mL

Cameroon

[52]

Ipomea batatas Blackie.

Convolvulaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

14.30% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Irvingia wombolu Hook. f.

Irvingiaceae

Pulp

H₂O

DPPH/FRAP/ABTS. OH

37.86/15.55/55.53%31.63 at 1 mg/mL

Cameroon

[275]

Kalonchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw.

Crasulaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

73.70% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Khaya grandifoliola C. DC.

Meliaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

78.91% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause.

Anacardiaceae

Back

MeOH

DPPH/NO

34.40/306 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause.

Anacardiaceae

Bark

MeOH

DPPH/NOSA

34.40/253.00 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Lantana camara L.

Verbenaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

23.47%

Cameroon

[53]

Lippia adoensis L.

Lamiaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

10.41%

Cameroon

[53]

Lygopodium macrophyllum L.

Pteridophyte

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

14.72%

Cameroon

[53]

Mangifera indica L.

Anacardiaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

75.35% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Manihot esculenta Crantz.

Euphorbiaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−4.80% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv.

Poaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

58.47% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Mimosa pudica L.

Mimosaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

19.37%

Cameroon

[53]

Musa sapientum L.

Musaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−9.33% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Nauclea latifolia Sm.

Rubiaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

43.02% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Occimum gratissimum L.

Labieae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

68.01% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Ocimum basilicum L.

Lamiaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

39.98%

Cameroon

[53]

Olax subscorpioideae Oliv.

Olacaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

44.71% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Paullinia pinnata L.

Sapindaceae

Leaf

n-C₆H₁₂

DPPH

Least activity

Cameroon

[272]

Pentadesma butyracea Sabine.

Clusiaceae

Fruits

MeOH

DPPH

High

Cameroon

[272]

Persea americana MIill.

Lauraceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

69.91%

Cameroon

[53]

Persea americana MIill.

Lauraceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

24.31% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Persea americana MIill.

Lauraceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

44.85% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Piliostigma thonningii MIill.

Cesalpilaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

74.26% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Polyscias fulva Harns (Hieram).

Araliaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−0.01% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Protea elliotii C.H. Wright.

Proteaceae

Back

MeOH

DPPH/NO

14.20/205 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Protea elliotii C.H. Wright.

Proteaceae

Bark

MeOH

DPPH/NOSA

14.20/306.00 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Prunus Africana (Hook. f.)

Rosaceae

Bark

MeOH

DPPH

22.10%

Cameroon

[53]

Psidium guajava L.

Myrsinacee

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

39.84%

Cameroon

[53]

Psidium guayava L.

Myrtaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

50.47% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Psorospermum febrifugum Spach.

Guttiferae

Stem bark

MeOH

DPPH

Least activity

Cameroon

[272]

Pycnocycla ledernanii Wolff.

Apiaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

8.57%

Cameroon

[53]

Rumex abyssinicus Jacq.

Polygonaceae

Bulb

MeOH

DPPH

High activity

Cameroon

[272]

Rumex bequaertii De wild.

Polygonaceae

Bulb

MeOH

DPPH

High activity

Cameroon

[272]

Senna alata L.

Fabaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

88.50% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Senna siamea Lam.

Fabaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

236 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Senna siamea Lam.

Fabaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

236 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Solanum acaleastrum

Solanaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

28.57% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Sonchus oleraceus L.

Asteraceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

31.02% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Spilanthes filicaulis (Schum. & Thonn.) C.D. Adam.

Asteraceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

58.93% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Syzyguim guineense Wall.

Myrtaceae

Leaf

MeOH;H₂O

DPPH/ABTS/OH

5.52 g/mL/16.25 mg/mL/126.35 g/mL

Cameroon

[276]

Tectona grandis L.F.

Lamiaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

Least activity

Cameroon

[272]

Terminalia glaucescens Planch.

Combretaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

47.68% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Terminalia macroptera Mart.

Combretaceae

Root

MeOH

DPPH/NO

19.90/290 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Terminalia macroptera Mart.

Combretaceae

Root

MeOH

DPPH/NOSA

19.90/205.00 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Trema orientalis Blume.

Ulmaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

−5.23% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Urena lobata L.

Malvaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

9.70%

Cameroon

[53]

Vernonia amygdalina Delile.

Asteraceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe (II)-Ascorbate induced LP

33.49% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Vismia laurentii De Wild.

Guttiferae

Stem bark

EtOAc/MeOH

DPPH

High

Cameroon

[272]

Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn.

Sapotaceae

Back

MeOH

DPPH/NO

22.14/108 μg/mL

Cameroon

[269]

Voacanga africana Stapf.

Apocynaceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizom

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe(II)-Ascorbate induced LP

100.00% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Voacanga africana Stapf.

Apocynaceae

Bark

MeOH

DPPH

3.73%

Cameroon

[53]

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) schott.

Araceae

Bark/Leaf/Rhizome

MeOH;CH₂Cl₂

Fe(II)-Ascorbate induced LP

48.01% at 200 μg/mL

Cameroon

[117]

Zea mays L.

Poaceae

Leaf

MeOH

DPPH

12.06%

Cameroon

[53]