African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review

Lawal, Bashir; Shittu, Oluwatosin K.; Oibiokpa, Florence I.; Berinyuy, Eustace B.; Mohammed, Hadiza

doi:10.1186/s40816-016-0037-0

Clinical Phytoscience

International Journal of Phytomedicine and Phytotherapy

Table 5 Antioxidants activities of Eastern African plants

From: African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review

Plants	Family	Part used	Solvents	Assay Methods	Inhibition/EC₅₀	Country	References
Aframomum corrorima (A. Braun) P.C.M. Jansen.	Zingeberaceae	Seed	Oil	DPPH	34.9 μL/mL	Ethiopia	[277]
Afrocantharellus splendens (Buyck) Tibuhwa.	Cantherellaceae	Mushroom	EtOH	DPPH	<0.4 mg/mL	Tanzania	[278]
Afrocantharellus symoensii	Cantherellaceae	Mushroom	EtOH	DPPH	<0.2 mg/mL	Tanzania	[278]
Aloe harlana Reynolds.	Xanthorrhoeaceae	Latex	EtOH	DPPH	14.21 μg/mL	Ethiopia	[279]
Aloe otallensis Baker.	Asteraceae	Latex	EtOH	DPPH	26.9 mg/mL	Ethiopia	Paulos et al., 2012
Amaranthus dubius Mart.	Amaranthaceae	Leaf	EtOH	ORAC	928 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Apium leptophylum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P.Wils	Apiaceae	Leaf	Oil	DPPH	4.3 μl/ml.	Ethiopia	[280]
Artemisia abyssinica Sch. Bip, ex A. Rich.	Compositae	Aerial parts	Oil	DPPH	28.9 μL/mL	Ethiopia	[281]
Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Wild.	Compositae	Aerial parts	Oil	DPPH	1.1 μL/mL	Ethiopia	[281]
Azadirachta indica A.Juss.	Meliaceae	Leaf	EtOH	ORAC	1761 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Bersama abyssinica Fresen.	melianthaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	7.5 μg/ml	Ethiopia	[58]
Brassica oleracea L.	Brassicaceae	Leaf	EtOH	ORAC	1184 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Cantharellus cascadensis Dunham, O Dell & R. Molina.	Cantharaceae	Mushroom	EtOH	DPPH	<0.2 mg/mL	Tanzania	[278]
Cantharellus cyanoxanthus R. Heim ex Heinem.	Cantharaceae	Mushroom	EtOH	DPPH	<0.4 mg/mL	Tanzania	[278]
Cantharellus pseudocibarius Henn.	Cantharaceae	Mushroom	EtOH	DPPH	0.14 mg/mL	Tanzania	[278]
Cantharellus rufopunctatus (Beeli) Heinem.	Cantharaceae	Mushroom	EtOH	DPPH	0.4 mg/mL	Tanzania	[278]
Cantharellus tomentosus Eyssart. & Buyck.	Cantharaceae	Mushroom	EtOH	DPPH	<0.4 mg/mL	Tanzania	[278]
Cheilanthes farinose Sw.	Pteridaceae	Aerial parts	EtOH	DPPH	52.5 μg/ml	Ethiopia	[58]
Cineraria abyssinica Sch. Bip. Ex A. Rich.	Asteraceae	Leaf	EtOH/H₂O	DPPH	5.78/6.27 μg/ml	Ethiopia	[57]
Cucurbita maxima Duschesne.	Cucurbitaceae	Leaf	EtOH	ORAC	447 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Delonix elata L.	Fabaceae	Flower	CO(CH₃)₂/MeOH/H₂O	DPPH	91.3/86/89.3% at 100 μL	Ethopia	[282]
Eriobotrya japonica (Thunbs) Lindl.	Rosaceae	Fruit	EtOH	ORAC	411 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Euclea racemosa L.	Ebenaceae	Leaf	(CH₃)₂CO	DPPH	11.3 μg/ml	Ethiopia	[58]
Hydnora abyssinica A.Braun ex Schweinf.	Hydnoraceae	Leaf	CH₂Cl₂: MeOH	DPPH	26.7 μg/mL	Kenya	[283]
Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl.	Cupressaceae	Aerial parts	Oil	DPPH	14.9 μL/mL	Ethiopia	[281]
Leucas glabrata (vahl)Sm.	Lamiaceae	Aerial parts	Oil	DPPH	10.4% at 100 ppm	Tanzania	[284]
Lippia adoensis Hochst. ex Walp.	Verbenaceae	Leaf	Oil	DPPH	2.2 μl/ml	Ethiopia	[285]
Lippia adoensis Hochst. ex Walp.	Verbenaceae	Aerial parts	Oil	DPPH	6.13 μL/mL	Ethiopia	[277]
Mangifera indica L.	Anacardiaceae	Leaf	EtOH	ORAC	5940 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Mentha aquatica L.	Lamiaceae	Leaf	Oil	DPPH	11.2 μl/ml.	Ethiopia	[286]
Ocimum americanum L.	Lamiaceae	Leaf	EtOH	ORAC	3190 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Ocimum americanum L.	Lamiaceae	Leaf	CH₂Cl₂	DPPH	50.47%	Kenya	[287]
Ocimum americanum L.	Lamiaceae	Aerial parts	Oil	DPPH	16 μg/mL	Ethiopia	[288]
Ocimum basilicum L.	Lamiaceae	Aerial parts	Oil	DPPH	0.04 μL/mL	Ethiopia	[277]
Ocimum basillicum L.	Lamiaceae	Aerial parts	Oil	DPPH	60 μg/mL	Ethiopia	[288]
Ocimum gratissimum L.	Lamiaceae	Leaf	EtOH	ORAC	1594 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Plectranthus parviflorus Willd.	Lamiaceae	Aerial parts	Oil	DPPH	3.8% at 100 ppm	Tanzania	[284]
Psidium guajava L.	Myrtaceae	Leaf	EtOH	ORAC	3929 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Rubus apetalus Thunb.	Rosaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	12.3 μg/mL	Ethiopia	[289]
Rubus niveus Thunb.	Rosaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	19 μg/mL	Ethiopia	[289]
Rubus steudneri Schweinf.	Rosaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	6.5 μg/mL	Ethiopia	[289]
Salvia nilotica Jacq.	Lamiaceae	Leaf	Oil	DPPH	7.52 μg/mL	Ethiopia	[290]
Salvia nilotica Jacq.	Lamiaceae	Aerial parts	Oil	DPPH	76.2% at 100 ppm	Tanzania	[284]
Salvia schimperi Jansen, P.C.M.	Lamiaceae	Leaf	Oil	DPPH	6.79 μg/mL	Ethiopia	[290]
Satureja punctata (Beth.) Briq.	Lamiaceae	Aerial parts	H₂O	DPPH	9.7 μg/mL	Ethiopia	[291]
Senna singueana (Delile)	Fabaceae	Leaf	EtOH	DPPH	6.16 μg/mL	Ethiopia	[292]
Solanum scabrum Mill.	Solanaceae	Leaf	EtOH	ORAC	2675 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Stephania abyssinica Quart. Dill & A. Rich.	Menispermaceae	Root	EtOH	DPPH	220 μg/mL	Ethiopia	[293]
Vernonia smithiana Less.	Asteraceae	Aerial parts	Oil	DPPH	6.6% at 100 ppm	Tanzania	[284]
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.	Fabaceae	Leaf	EtOH	ORAC	1233 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Vitex payos (Lour.) Merr.	Verbenaceae	Fruit	EtOH	ORAC	179 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl.	Rutaceae	Leaf	EtOH	ORAC	2414 \( \mu \)MTE/\( \mu \)g	Kenya	[56]
Zingiber officinale Roscoe.	Zingiberaceae	Rhizome	Oil	DPPH	9.66 μL/mL	Ethiopia	[277]

Key: RSA radical scavenging activity, RC reducing power capacity, OH hydroxyl ion, NO nitric oxide radical inhibition, H ₂ O ₂ hydrogen peroxide inhibition activity, LPO lipid peroxidation inhibition activity, ABTS ⁺ 2,2′-azinobis-3–ethylbenzothiozolin-6–sulfonic acid cation decolourization test, ß-CLAMS ß-carotene-linoleic acid model system, SORSA superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (SORSA), MLP microsomal lipid peroxydation, FRAP fe²⁺ chelating ability and ferric reducing antioxidant properties, DPPH 1,1–dipheyl-2–picry-hydrazyl, ORAC oxygen radical absorbance capacity, TEAC trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, MeOH methanol, CH ₂ Cl ₂ dichloromethane, EtOH ethanol, EtOAc ethyl acetate, n-C ₆ H ₁₂ hexane, (CH ₃)₂ CO acetone, H ₂ O aqueous, BtOH butanol

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