African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review

Lawal, Bashir; Shittu, Oluwatosin K.; Oibiokpa, Florence I.; Berinyuy, Eustace B.; Mohammed, Hadiza

doi:10.1186/s40816-016-0037-0

Clinical Phytoscience

International Journal of Phytomedicine and Phytotherapy

Table 8 Hepatoprotective activity of some African medicinal plants

From: African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review

Plants	Family	Part used	Solvents	Toxicant	Dose of extract (mg/kg)	Ameliorative effect demonstrated by the extract on toxin induced alterations in biomarkers of liver integrity	Country of origine	References
Acalypha racemosa H.M.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaf	H₂O	CCL₄	60	Decrease serum AST, ALT, and total bilirubin and increase serum TP and ALB concentrations	Nigeria	[312]
Acalypha wilkesiana L.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaf	H₂O	PCM	100/200/300	Decrease serum AST, ALT and ALP activities and prevent histopathological alterations in liver	Nigeria	[313]
Aframomum melegueta K. Schum.	Zingiberaceae	Fruit	H₂O	EtOH	100	Decrease serum AST, ALT and TG. Increase serum SOD GSH and prevent histopathological alterations in liver	Nigeria	[314]
Ajuga iva (L.)	Lamiacea	Aerial parts	Oil	CCL₄	50	Decreas serum ALP,AST, ALT	Libya	[315]
Alchornea cordifolia Mull. Arg.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaf	MeOH	CCL₄	300	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP and TB	Nigeria	[147]
Allanblackia gabonensis (Pellegr.) Bamps.	Guttiferae	Stem bark	H₂O	PCM	100/200	Decrease serum ALT, AST, bilirubin and MDA, increase SOD, CAT and GSH	Cameroon	[111]
Anacardium occidentale L.	Anacardiaceae	Leaf	MeOH	CCL₄	500/1000	Decrease serum AST, ALT and ALP	Nigeria	[316]
Andrographis paniculata Bum.F.	Acanthaceae	Leaf	H₂O	CCL₄	100–300	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP, TB,DBL,CHL, TG, LDL, VLDL and MDA	Nigeria	[317]
Annona muricata L.	Annonaceae	Leaf	EtOH	PCM	400	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP, TP and TB levels. Prevented toxins-induced liver necrosis	Nigeria	[318]
Azadirachta indica A, Juss.	Meliaceae	Leaf	EtOH	PCM	300	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, CHOL and TG. Prevented toxins induced alterations in haematological parameters	Nigeria	[319]
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile.	Balantitiaceae	Stem bark	H₂O	PCM	100	Decrease serum AST, ALT and ALP activities	Nigeria	[320]
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze	Theaceae	Leaf	H₂O	Tamoxifen	45	Decrease serum AST, ALT and TBARS	egypt	[321]
Carica papaya L.	Caricaceae	Leaf	H₂O	PCM and CC1₄	100/300	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP, BIL and MDA. Increase GSH, CAT and SOD	Nigeria	[322]
Cassia italic Mill.	cesalpiniaceae	Leaf	EtOH	CCL₄	200	Decrease serum and liver AST, ALT, ALP and GGT.	Nigeria	[323]
Cassia Occidentalis L.	Caesalpinoidae	Leaf	H₂O	PCM	250/500	Prevented vascular congestion, periportal infiltrates of chronic inflammatory cells and periportal oedema.	Nigeria	[324]
Cassia sieberiana DC.	Fabaceae	Leaf	MeOH	CCL₄	100/200/400	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP MDA. Increase serum CAT	Nigeria	[163]
Cassia singueana Burkill. H.M.	Fabaceae	Root	MeOH	CCL₄	50	Decrease serum AST, ALT BIL, MDA and LDL Increase serum HDL,SOD, CAT,	Nigeria	[325]
Chrysophyllum Albidum G. Don.	Sapotaceae	Leaf	EtOH	CCL₄	500/1000/1500	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP and TB. Prevented toxins-induced centrilobular fat ty degeneration and necrosis in liver	Nigeria	[326]
Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich.	Cochlospermaceae	Leaf	MeOH	CCL₄	200	Decrease serum ALT, AST, bilirubin and MDA and prevent histopathological alterations in liver	Nigeria	[72]
Cochlospermum Tinctorium A. Rich.	Cochlospermaceae	Leaf	MeOH	CCL₄	200	Decrease serum AST, ALT, CHOL, MDA and BIL levels.	Nigeria	[72]
Costus afer L.	Zingiberaceae	Stem	MeOH	ALC	60/120	Decrease serum AST, ALP	Nigeria	[327]
Echinops galalensis Schweinf.	Asteraceae	Aerial parts	MeOH	CCL₄	100 μg/mL	Decreas AST, ALT, MDA level and increase SOD activities	Egypt	[102]
Erythrina senegalensis L.	Fabaceae	Stem bark	EtOH	CCL₄	100	Decrease serum ALT, AST and lipid peroxidationin liver homogenate	Cameroon	[116]
Ficus chlamydocarpa Mildbr. & Burret	Moraceae	Stem bark	MeOH	CCL₄	50–200	Increase hepatic GSH, decrease liver MDA decrease AST, ALT and LDH	Cameroon	[99]
Ficus exasperate Vahl.	Moraceae	Leaf	EtOH	PCM	125/150/500	Decrease serum AST,ALT,ALP and TB	Nigeria	[115]
Ficus exasperata Vahl.	Moraceae	Leaf	EtOH	PCM	125–500	Increase liver ALT, AST but decrease liver ALP and bilirubin level	Nigeria	[115]
Gongronema latifolium	Asclepiadaceae,	Leaf	H₂O	CCL₄	500	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP TB,CRT, urea, CHOL andTG	Nigeria	[328]
Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poiret.	Hypericaceae	Root	H₂O	PCM	100–500	Decrease serum ALT, AST, ALP and FBG but increase serum levels of TP and ALB	Nigeria	[329]
Hibiscus cannabinus L.	Malvaceae	Leaf	H₂O	PCM/cm³	1600	Decrease serum AST, ALT, BIL and MDA. Prevented toxin induced severe inflamm at ion and liver necrosis	Nigeria	[330]
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.	Malvaceae	Flower	EtOH	CCL₄	200/300	Decrease serum ALT, AST, ALP,TC, LDL-C, TG and liver MDA level. 1ncrease in HDL-C, vitamins A, C, and β-carotene level	Nigeria	[331]
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.	Malvaceae	Leaf	MeOH	CCL₄	500/1000	Decrease serum ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and TBARS but increase serum GSH, SOD and CAT	Nigeria	[177]
Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.	Malvacea	Leaf	MeOH	CCL₄	600/1000	Increase serum SOD, CAT, GSH and decrease serum ALP	Nigeria	[332]
Irvingia gabonensis	Irvingiaceae	Leaf	EtOH	Sodium arsenite	250/500	Decrease serum ALT, AST and γGT and prevent histopathological alterations in liver	Nigeria	[100]
Khaya grandifoliola C.DC.	Meliaceae	Stem bark	EtOAc/MeOH	CCL₄	25/100	Decreas serum ALP,AST, ALT and TP; Increase liver TBARS, SOD,GSH and GR) in liver.	Cameroon	[83]
Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A Juss.	Meliaceae	Stem bark	H₂O	PCM	100	Decrease serum AST, ALT and ALP activities	Nigeria	[320]
Lawsonia inermis L.	Lythraceae	Leaf	H₂O	CCL₄	100/150	Decrease serum AST and ALT	Nigeria	[107]
Lawsonia inermis L.	Lythraceae	Leaf	MeOH	CC1₄	100/200	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP. TP and BIL. Prevented toxin induced necrosis of hepatic architecture with vacuolization and congestion of sinusoids	Sudan	[106]
Mangifera Indica L.	Anacardiaceae	Stem bark	H₂O/EtOH	PCM	200	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP and MDA increase TP, GSH, CAT and SOD	Nigeria	[333]
Marrubium vulgare L.	Lamiacea	Aerial parts	Oil	CCL₄	50	Decreas serum ALP,AST, ALT	Libya	[315]
Moringa oleifera L.	Moringaceae	Leaf	EtOH	Alcohol	300	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP, GGT andprevented histopathological changes in liver.	Nigeria	[63]
Nauclea latifolia L.	Rubiaceae	Leaf	EtOH	PCM	400	Decrease serum AST, ALT, increase serum TP, ALB, CAT,GPx andSOD concentrations	Nigeria	[334]
Newbouldia Laevies (P. Beauv) Seem. Ex Burea	Bignoniaceae	Leaf	EtOH	CCL₄	100/300	Decrease serum AST, ALT,ALP,TB,TP andCHL	Nigeria	[335]
Ocimum americanum L.	Lamiaceae	Leaf	H₂O	PCM	200/400	Decrease serum ALP, AST, ALT. TBIL and preserve liver architecture	Nigeria	[94]
Ocimum gratissimum L.	Lamiaceae	Leaf	H₂O	CCL₄	500	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP TB,CRT, urea, CHOL andTG	Nigeria	[328]
Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub.	Mimosaceae	Stem bark	H₂O	PCM	100	Decrease serum AST, ALT and ALP activities	Nigeria	[320]
Rosmarinus officinalis L.	Lamiacea	Aerial parts	Oil	CCL₄	50	Decreas serum ALP,AST, ALT	Libya	[315]
Senna alata (L.) Roxb.	Fabaceae	Leaf	MeOH	CCL₄	400	Decrease serum ALT, AST, ALP, total and direct bilirubin and liver TBARS, increase serum total protein and albumin and prevent histopathological alterations in liver	Nigeria	[68]
Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv.	Bignoniaceae	Stem bark	H₂O	CCL₄	100/300/625	Decrease serum AST, ALT and GGT and prevent histopathological alterations in liver	Ghana	[86]
Sphenocentrum jollyanum L.	Menispermaceae	Stem bark	MeOH	CCL₄	50/100/200	Decrease serum AST,ALT, ALP, TB and LP and Increase liver TP, SOD, CAT, GPx GST	S. Africa	[96]
Swietenia Mahogani (L.) Jacq.	Maliaceae	Leaf	H₂O	Alcohol	250/500	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP BIL and CRT	Nigeria	[336]
Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F.	Cucurbitaceae	Leaf	EtOH	CCL₄	500	Increase livee AST, ALT, ALP and prevented toxin-induced central vein congestion with eroded endothelium and haemolised blood vessels, pkynotic nucleic and fats infiltration	Nigeria	[337]
Thymus capitatus L.	Lamiacea	Aerial parts	Oil	CCL₄	50	Decreas serum ALP,AST, ALT	Libya	[315]
Tulbaghia violacea Harv.	Alliaceae	Rhizome	−	Atherosclerogenic (ath)	250/500	Decrease Serum TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TBARS, fibrinogen, LDH, AST,ALT, ALP, BIL,CRET and prevent histopathological alterations in liver	South Africa	[263]
Uvaria afzelii P. Beauv.	Annonaceae	Root	MeOH	CCL₄	125/250/500	Decreases serum ALT, AST, ALP, total and un-conjugated bilirubin	Nigeria	[76]
Vernonia ambigua L.	Asteraceae	Leaf	EtOH	CCL₄	250/500	Decrease serum ALT, AST and ALP, TB, CHOL, TGA increase TP and ALB	Nigeria	[90]
Vernonia amygdalina Delile.	Asteraceae	Leaf	EtOH	PCM	300	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, CHOL and TG. Prevented toxins induced alterations in haematological parameters	Nigeria	[319]
Vernonia amygdalina Delile.	Asteraceae	Leaf	MeOH		20/60	Increase liver and kidney AST and ALT,	Nigeria	[338]
Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.	Sapotaceae	Stem bark	H₂O	PCM	100	Decrease serum AST, ALT and ALP activities	Nigeria	[320]
Xylopia aethiopica Delile.	Annonaceae	Stem bark	H₂O	CCL₄	250/500	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP and BIL	Nigeria	[339]
Satureja punctata (Benth.) Briq.	Lamiaceae	Aerial parts	H₂O	Fe-NTA	250/500	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP	Ethiopia	[291]
Solanecio angulatus (Vahl) C. Jeffrey	Asteraceae	Leaf	H₂O	Fe-NTA	250/500	Decrease serum AST and ALT,	Ethiopia	[291]
Cineraria abyssinica Sch. Bip.ex A.	Asteraceae	Leaf	MeOH/H₂O	CCL₄	200	Decrease serum AST, ALT, ALP. Prevented toxins induced liver necrosis and inflammation	Ethiopia	[340]

Key: ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate amino transferase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, TP total bilirubin, DB direct bilirubin, LDL low density lipoprotein, VLDL very low density lipoprotein, MDA malondialdehyde, CAT catalase, GPx glutathione peroxidase, SOD superoxide dismutase, CRT creatinine, CHOL cholesterol, TG triglyceride, CCL ₄ carbon tetrachloride, Fe-NTA ferric nitrilotriacetate, PCM paracetamol, MeOH methanol, CH ₂ Cl ₂ dichloromethane, EtOH ethanol, EtOAc ethyl acetate, n-C ₆ H ₁₂ Hexane; (CH₃)₂ CO acetone, H ₂O aqueous, btoh:butanol

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