International Journal of Phytomedicine and Phytotherapy
Table 1 The chemical composition of Zingiber officinale essential oil from different geographical region
From: Zingiber officinale Rosc. essential oil, a review on its composition and bioactivity
Yield | Rhizomes | Components | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1.02 1.84% | Fresh Dried | β-zingiberene (12.2%), geraniol (15.0%), neral (8.9%), β-bisabolene (5.6%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (6.4%) β-zingiberene (28.1%), geraniol (9.0%), neral (5.3%), β-bisabolene (8.4%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (10.6%) | Nigeria | [10] |
- | Fresh | Zingiberene + zingiberol (38.9%), ar-curcumene (17.7%), β-sesquiphellandrene+β-bisabolene (11%), β-phellandrene (4.9%), linalool+α-terpiniol (3.8%) | Bangalore Market | [16] |
1.2% | Dried | Zingiberene (32%), β-sesquiphellandrene (15.6%), β-bisabolene (9.3%), ar-curcumene (15.9%) | market Iran | [17] |
- | fresh | α-zingiberene (23.9%), citral (21.7%) | Brazil | [18] |
- | - | Zingiberene (20-28%), ar-Curcumene (6-10%), β-Sesquiphellandrene (7-11%), β-Bisabolene (5-9%) | Australia | [19] |
- | - | α-zingiberene (29-40%), β-Sesquiphellandrene (10-14%), ar-Curcumene (5-11%), camphene (4.5-10%), β-bisabolene (2.5-9%), α-zingiberene (35-40%), β-sesquiphellandrene (11.5-13.5%), ar-curcumene (6.5-9%), camphene (5-8%), β-bisabolene (2.5-5.5%) α-zingiberene (23-45%), β-sesquiphellandrene (8-17%), ar-curcumene (3-11%), camphene (0.2-12%), β-bisabolene (3-7%) | China India west Africa | ISO 16928:2014 |
2.22%-4.17%. | unpeeled rhizomes cultivars | Camphene (8.49%), neral (4.95%), geranial (12.36%), zingiberene (20.98%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (7.96%) | North-East India | [20] |
|  | - | Zingiberene(10.5-16.6%), ar-Curcumene (2.9-9.8%), β-Sesquiphellandrene (5.8-7.2%), e-citral (7.4-10.5%), z-citral (5.3-7%), o-cymene (0.9-6.5%), camphene (0.9-7.6%), limonene (1.3-6.4%) | India | [21] |
2.4% w/w | - | Zingiberene (29.5%), sesquiphellandrene (18.4%), farnesene (6.46%), germacrene D (3.58%), neral (2.5%), geranial (3.46%), | Nigeria | [11] |
2.1% | - | ar-cucumene (11.7-12.6%), β-bisabolene (4.1-8.1%) α-zingiberene (10.3 %), β-sesquiphellandrene (7.4 %) | Vietnam | [22] |
- | - | citral (30.8%), zingiberene (17.1%), β-bisabolene, geranyl acetate (6.7%), β-Sesquiphellandrene (5.9%), 1,8-cineol (6.1%) and geraniol (6.1%) | Alergia | [23] |