Acute and sub-acute (30-day) toxicity studies of Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb., leaves extract in Wistar rats: safety assessment of a rare mangrove traditionally utilized as pain antidote

Ghosh, Debjit; Mondal, Sumanta; Ramakrishna, K.

doi:10.1186/s40816-019-0106-2

Clinical Phytoscience

International Journal of Phytomedicine and Phytotherapy

Table 3 Effects of ARELE on biochemical parameters in both male and female rats treated for 30 days

From: Acute and sub-acute (30-day) toxicity studies of Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb., leaves extract in Wistar rats: safety assessment of a rare mangrove traditionally utilized as pain antidote

Sex	Parameter	Unit	Control	ARELE (mg/kg, b.wt.)
Sex	Parameter	Unit	Control	125	250	500
Male
Glucose		mg/dL	73.82 ± 5.11	75.18 ± 4.22	75.59 ± 4.24	80.99 ± 1.46*
Creatinine		mg/dL	0.48 ± 0.14	0.65 ± 0.11	0.70 ± 0.20	0.88 ± 0.14**
Urea		mg/dL	34.78 ± 2.88	29.83 ± 2.64*	28.68 ± 2.51**	28.09 ± 2.94**
Sodium		mmol/L	146.97 ± 14.61	145.73 ± 12.90	144.10 ± 8.38	147.23 ± 5.11
Potassium		mmol/L	6.27 ± 1.85	6.56 ± 1.17	6.10 ± 1.18	5.64 ± 0.76
Chloride		mmol/L	110.82 ± 8.53	106.83 ± 5.14	111.04 ± 6.11	109.69 ± 9.50
Total protein		g/dL	6.52 ± 0.41	6.01 ± 0.20**	5.90 ± 0.16**	5.92 ± 0.16**
Albumin		g/dL	3.51 ± 0.31	3.29 ± 0.35	3.54 ± 0.29	3.76 ± 0.21
Globulin		mg/dL	2.86 ± 0.20	2.64 ± 0.42	2.87 ± 0.58	2.43 ± 0.32
Bilirubin
Bilirubin (T)		mg/dL	0.76 ± 0.20	0.79 ± 0.23	0.79 ± 0.15	0.75 ± 0.12
Bilirubin (D)		mg/dL	0.08 ± 0.02	0.103 ± 0.02	0.106 ± 0.02	0.111 ± 0.04
SGPT		IU/L	33.10 ± 5.62	32.04 ± 5.21	29.06 ± 2.96	26.94 ± 4.00
SGOT		IU/L	63.95 ± 7.76	65.11 ± 4.39	59.79 ± 5.99	48.51 ± 3,48**
ALP		IU/L	145.94 ± 11.13	143.51 ± 7.16	136.51 ± 11.82	122.36 ± 6.88**
Triglyceride (TG)		mg/dL	80.40 ± 10.17	94.34 ± 6.97*	99.20 ± 6.94**	98.001 ± 5.20**
Cholesterol
Total cholesterol		mg/dL	64.5 ± 5.90	108.64 ± 8.44**	128.3 ± 6.74**	135.33 ± 6.58**
HDL cholesterol		mg/dL	31.40 ± 2.39	35.86 ± 3.91*	37.49 ± 3.18**	38.77 ± 2.06**
LDL cholesterol		mg/dL	31.59 ± 2.86	30.27 ± 1.66	31.18 ± 2.05	32.69 ± 2.44
VLDL cholesterol		mg/dL	15.45 ± 1.49	15.75 ± 2.13	18.12 ± 1.19*	20.99 ± 1.38**
Female
Glucose		mg/dL	86.59 ± 7.01	80.88 ± 3.81	76.23 ± 5.81*	72.68 ± 7.03**
Creatinine		mg/dL	0.61 ± 0.19	0.78 ± 0.12	0.7 ± 0.12	0.86 ± 0.06**
Urea		mg/dL	41.40 ± 7.75	28.75 ± 3.00**	30.45 ± 2.21**	26.99 ± 3.58**
Sodium		mmol/L	142.006 ± 4.80	140.15 ± 1.51	140.05 ± 3.81	141.07 ± 2.56
Potassium		mmol/L	6.39 ± 1.49	6.46 ± 0.51	6.27 ± 0.41	6.07 ± 0.23
Chloride		mmol/L	104.57 ± 6.76	107.09 ± 4.80	105.96 ± 5.62	106.03 ± 5.83
Total protein		g/dL	6.30 ± 0.45	6.11 ± 0.41	6.13 ± 0.39	5.96 ± 0.21
Albumin		g/dL	3.93 ± 0.39	3.81 ± 0.19	3.77 ± 0.29	3.73 ± 0.16
Globulin		mg/dL	3.05 ± 0.39	2.97 ± 0.21	3.17 ± 0.21	2.50 ± 0.35*
Bilirubin
Bilirubin (T)		mg/dL	0.58 ± 0.13	0.67 ± 0.12	0.69 ± 0.15	0.84 ± 0.08**
Bilirubin (D)		mg/dL	0.14 ± 0.04	0.15 ± 0.04	0.17 ± 0.04	0.16 ± 0.04
SGPT		IU/L	51.60 ± 8.66	40.92 ± 5.63*	40.80 ± 5.88*	37.16 ± 6.29**
SGOT		IU/L	43.92 ± 5.92	42.29 ± 3.61	38.22 ± 2.76	33.39 ± 3.57**
ALP		IU/L	129.07 ± 10.45	125.25 ± 5.09	120.77 ± 4.41	119.81 ± 6.26
Triglyceride (TG)		mg/dL	73.27 ± 8.03	94.09 ± 9.05**	104.02 ± 9.35**	112.60 ± 9.99**
Cholesterol
Total cholesterol		mg/dL	91.12 ± 8.67	105.89 ± 5.06**	115.15 ± 6.46**	114.02 ± 5.75**
HDL cholesterol		mg/dL	35.65 ± 4.54	36.33 ± 2.88	36.25 ± 2.87	40.72 ± 1.58*
LDL cholesterol		mg/dL	41.42 ± 4.46	43.53 ± 3.76	44.47 ± 1.84	46.11 ± 5.16
VLDL cholesterol		mg/dL	17.11 ± 2.54	18.03 ± 2.07	20.94 ± 3.04*	21.63 ± 2.40*

Values are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 6). Statistical analysis done by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s t-test
**P < 0.01 compared to control group
*P < 0.05 compared to control group

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