Fig. 5
Schematic representation showing role of gentamicin in the induction of nephrotoxicity and the role of phytocompounds from the three actinorhizal fruits showing activity to reduce the nephrotoxicity. Numbers beside Ø indicate the phytochemicals present in the three juices: 1 = γ-Sitosterol; 2 = n-Hexadecanoic acid; 3 = Octadecanoic acid; 4 = 1,2-Longidione. MAPK = mitogen activated protein kinase; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha; NFκβ = Nuclear factor kappa beta; TGF-β = Transforming growth factor beta; ICAM-1 = Intercellular cellular adhesion molecule-1; MCP-1 = Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; O2− = Superoxide radical; OH− = Hydroxyl radical; H2O2 = Hydrogen peroxide; NO = Nitric oxide; OONO− = Peroxynitrate; ROS = Reactive oxygen species; RNS = Reactive nitrogen species