Aqueous garlic extract improves renal clearance via vasodilatory/antioxidant mechanisms and mitigated proteinuria via stabilization of glomerular filtration barrier

Clinical Phytoscience

International Journal of Phytomedicine and Phytotherapy

Table 6 Effects of AGE on plasma and urine concentrations of creatinine, urea and total protein in Wistar rats with Pb-induced kidney injury

Plasma concentration				Urine concentration
Groups (n = 5)	Creatinine (mg/dl)	Urea (mg/dl)	Total protein [×10⁻² (mg/ml)]	Creatinine (mg/dl)	Urea (g/l)	Total protein [×10⁻² (mg/ml)]
[1] Control	0.60 ± 0.02	33.50 ± 0.71	36.80 ± 0.58	13.08 ± 0.28	395.70 ± 7.24	23.80 ± 0.58
[2] Pb	1.24 ± 0.05^a	76.97 ± 2.25^a	13.60 ± 1.03^a	5.02 ± 0.54^a	202.60 ± 4.57^a	72.00 ± 1.64^a
[3] Pb + Recovery	1.16 ± 0.06^a	73.01 ± 1.48^a	19.20 ± 0.66^ab	5.81 ± 0.25^a	230.70 ± 14.95^a	69.20 ± 1.77^a
[4] Pb + 100 mg/kg AGE	0.63 ± 0.02^bc	58.32 ± 2.20^abc	28.40 ± 0.81^abc	9.06 ± 0.41^abc	300.60 ± 13.22^abc	29.40 ± 1.03^abc
[5] Pb + 200 mg/kg AGE	0.55 ± 0.02^bc	34.04 ± 0.81^bcd	35.20 ± 0.74^bcd	13.55 ± 0.27^abc	384.30 ± 18.24^bcd	22.00 ± 0.31^bcd
[6] Pb + 400 mg/kg AGE	0.54 ± 0.02^bc	31.09 ± 0.53^bcd	35.80 ± 0.92^bcd	13.98 ± 0.22^abc	422.60 ± 12.33^bcd	24.40 ± 0.68^bcd