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International Journal of Phytomedicine and Phytotherapy

Table 2 Determination of binucleated cells with micronuclei (mean ± SD) in bone marrow cells of mice after 24 h of oral administration of nCNSL, iCNSL and Cardanol

From: Cytogenotoxic and mutagenic profiling of cashew nut shell liquids and cardanol

Groups

Sex

Micronucleus

Relation

 

EPC/NPC

Binucleated

NCa (10 ml/kg)

M

1.0 ± 0.5

1.7 ± 0.2

13.1 ± 3.2

F

1.0 ± 0.5

1.7 ± 0.2

13.1 ± 3.2

PCb (50 mg/kg)

M

13.8 ± 1.5a

0.5 ± 0.2a

145.8 ± 42.7a

F

15.0 ± 2.5a

0.5 ± 0.2a

145.8 ± 42.7a

nCNSL (mg /kg)

17.3

M

3.0 ± 1.0

1.7 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.3

F

1.0 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.3

2.8 ± 0.2

34.7

M

2.0 ± 0.5

1.5 ± 0.3

2.6 ± 0.4

F

1.4 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.0

2.6 ± 0.4

69.5

M

2.6 ± 0.4

1.6 ± 0.3

2.1 ± 0.3

F

2.0 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.2

3.0 ± 0.3

iCNSL (mg /kg)

17.3

M

1.2 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.2

2.2 ± 0.5

F

0.8 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.3

3.0 ± 0.3

34.7

M

1.4 ± 0.4

1.6 ± 0.3

2.0 ± 1.4

F

1.6 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.2

3.6 ± 2.3

69.5

M

1.0 ± 0.4

1.5 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.9

F

1.6 ± 0.2

1.7 ± 0.6

1.0 ± 0.4

Cardanol (mg /kg)

17.3

M

2.0 ± 0.0

1.2 ± 0.1

2.8 ± 0.2

F

2.2 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.1

3.4 ± 0.0

34.7

M

1.6 ± 0.2

1.5 ± 0.2

3.7 ± 0.9

F

2.2 ± 0.2

1.4 ± 0.2

3.8 ± 0.7

69.5

M

1.2 ± 0.2

1.5 ± 0.3

2.7 ± 0.2

F

2.0 ± 0.3

1.7 ± 0.5

3.4 ± 0.0

  1. NC: negative control (DW); PC: positive control (cyclophosphamide); nCNSL/iCNSL/Cardanol (17.3, 347 and 69.5 mg/kg); BN: binucleated, EPC/NPC: polychromatic cells/normochromatic cells; a p <  0.0001 compared to the NC; two-way ANOVA (with non-parametric test) followed by Tukey’s test (n = 10 animals; M5:F5)