International Journal of Phytomedicine and Phytotherapy
From: Phytowaste as nutraceuticals in boosting public health
Plants | Bioactive compounds | Test organism | Conc/body weight | Therapeutic activities | Mechanism of action | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M. indica, C. melo and C. vulgaris peel | polyphenols and ascorbic acid | Rats | 50–300 mg/kg | Ameliorate thyroid dysfunctions and hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus. | Decreased the levels of tissue glucose, LPO, creatinine kinase-MB, serum lipids, and increased the levels of insulin and thyroid hormones. | [62] |
(P.edulis) (Passion fruit) peel and seed | soluble fiber and pectin | Human | 30 g/day 250 and 500 mg·kg − 1 | hypoglycemic action | Decreased triglycerides levels, insulin resistance, reduce glucose intolerance in type 2 diabetic patients and serum cholesterol | |
(Nephelium lappaceum) Rambutan peel | Phenol | Mice | 50–200 mg/kg bw | Anti-Diabetic | Recovered glycogen content, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. It also atenuated lipid peroxidation in diabetic mice, the mesangial index and the expression of TGF-β in the kidney of diabetic mice. | [27] |
Avocado seed | – | Male rabbits |  | Reduced the hyperglycemia. | Restored pancreatic tissue function and inhibits intestinal glucose absorption | [59] |
C. sinensis or P. granatum peel | flavonon glycosides, hespiridin and naringin | male mice | 25 mg/kg of CS and 200 mg/kg of PG. | glucose lowering and antiperoxidative activities | Decrease in LPO and an increase in GSH content in hepatic, cardiac and renal tissues, activation of non-enzymatic antioxidant defense machinery. | [65] |
Pomegranate peel and seed oil | linolenic acid, | Mice, rats | 2 ml/kg/day, 200, 300 and 600 mg/kg | hypoglycemic activity improved insulin sensitivity anti-inflammatory properties | Reduced glucose and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α plasma levels and increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. |