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International Journal of Phytomedicine and Phytotherapy

Table 4 Summary on the incidence and pathological changes in organs of rats exposed to XNE by gavage for 90 days

From: Safety assessment of the standardized aqueous extract from solid-state cultured Xylaria nigripes (Wuling Shen) in rats

Organ

Lesions

Group

Control

High dose

Male

Female

Male

Female

Adrenal gland

 

Brain

 Fore

 

 Middle

 

 Cerebellum

 

 Stem

 

Bone femur

 

Bone marrow

 

Cervix

 

N

N

Esophagus

 

Heart

Infiltration, mononuclear cell, focal, slighta

2 (1/10)b

2 (1/10)

Intestine, small

 Duodenum

 

 Jejunum

 

 Ileum

 

Intestine, large

 Caecum

 

 Colon

 

 Rectum

Pinworm infestation, slight

2 (3/10)

2 (1/10)

Kidney

Infarct, tubule, focal, slight

2 (2/10)

Liver

 

Lung

 

Lymph node, mesenteric

 

Ovary

 

N

N

Pancreas

 

Pituitary gland

 

Parathyroid gland

 

Prostate gland

Infiltration, mononuclear cell, focal, slight

2 (5/10)

N

2 (5/10)

N

Sciatic nerve

 

Spinal cord

 Cervical

 

 Lumbar

 

 Thoracic

 

Spleen

 

Stomach

 

Testicles

 

N

N

Thymus

 

Thyroid gland

 

Trachea

 

Urinary bladder

 

Uterus

 

N

N

  1. Key: Control, Distilled water; High dose, 2000 mg/kg; N, no tissue available. -, No effect; aDegree of lesions was graded from one to five depending on severity: 1 = minimal (< 1%); 2 = slight (1–25%); 3 = moderate (26–50%); 4 = moderate/severe (51–75%); 5 = severe/high (76–100%); bIncidence: Affected rats/Total examined rats (n = 10)