International Journal of Phytomedicine and Phytotherapy
Table 2 Yield of volatile oil, oleoresin and piperine from various parts of black pepper
Parts | Volatile oil Extraction method | Volatile oil (%) | Oleoresin (%) | Piperine (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seeds | Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based microwave Hydrodistillation | 1.77 | - | - | [43] |
Seeds | Hydrodistillation | 2.66–5.06 | 7.6–9.4 | - | [39] |
Seeds | Hydrodistillation | 1.60–2.80 | 4.27–10.74 | 2.62–5.50 | [42] |
Seeds | Hydrodistillation | 1.60–3.20 | 5.82–12.73 | 2.13–4.49 | [38] |
Seeds | Hydrodistillation | 1.24 | - | - | [40] |
Leaves | Hydrodistillation | 0.15–0.35 | - | 0.12–20.86 | [41] |
Seeds | Microwave assisted hydrodistillation | 1.45 | - | - | [40] |
Seeds | Supercritical fluid extraction | 1.70 | 10.60 | 5.80 | [44] |