Acrostichium aureum Linn: traditional use, phytochemistry and biological activity

Akinwumi, Kazeem A.; Abam, Esther O.; Oloyede, Sofiat T.; Adeduro, Mary N.; Adeogun, Yusuf A.; Uwagboe, Juanian E.

doi:10.1186/s40816-022-00349-w

Clinical Phytoscience

International Journal of Phytomedicine and Phytotherapy

Table 4 Biological activities of Acrostichum aureum

From: Acrostichium aureum Linn: traditional use, phytochemistry and biological activity

Activity	Part used	Extracting solvent	Bioassay/Model	Results	References
Antioxidant	T	Methanol	DPPH radical scavenging and Mice brain	DPPH scavenging action with an EC₅₀ of 103.0 μg/ml and an IC₅₀ of28.99 μg/ml for inhibition of lipid peroxidation	[58]
Antioxidant	L	Ethanol	DPPH radical scavenging	Significant DPPH scavenging action with an IC₅₀ value of 41.95 μg/ml	[14]
Antioxidant	L	Methanol	Ferric reducing power	High TPC (524 mg GAE) and 51% anti-lipid peroxidation activity	[59]
Antioxidant	R	Petroleum ether	DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl and superoxide	Strong scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values of 31.56, 25.16, 26.12 and 26.18 μg/ml respectively.	[24]
		Benzene		Strong scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values of 34.13, 30.18, 22.46 and 24.16 μg/ml respectively
		Ethyl acetate		Strong scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values of 30.36, 31.48, 27.16 and 28.16 μg/ml respectively
		Methanol		Strong scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values of 36.54, 32.16, 30.11 and 30.96 μg/ml respectively
		Ethanol		Robust scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values of 32.16, 30.84, 28.36 and 34.84 μg/ml respectively
Antioxidant	L	Ethanol	DPPH radical scavenging	Strong DPPH scavenging action (IC₅₀ = 29.53 ppm) It has high TPC and flavonoid contents of 366.44 mg GAE g^− 1&28 mg QE g^− 1 respectively	[60]
Analgesic	L	Ethanol (250 & 500 mg/kg)	Mice /Acetic acid-induced writhing	Dose dependent inhibition of writhing	[14]
Contraceptive	WP	Ethanol &Acetone	Female rats	100% pregnancy prevention by water soluble fraction of the ethanol extract.	[61]
Cytotoxic/Anticancer	AP	Methanol	Hep-G2, SKLU-1 & MCF-7	Isolated (+)-pinoresinol-4-O-sulfate showed weak cytotoxicity against the cells with IC₅₀ values of 64.73, 65.54 and 73.78 μg/ml	[4]
	WP	Ethyl acetate	HeLa cells	HeLa growth Inhibition (IC₅₀ value of 6.3 μg/mL)	[62]
	WP	Methanol	NIH3T3, AGS, HT-29 & MDA-MB-435S	Low toxicity against NIH3T3, but selective cytotoxicity against the remaining cell lines.	[63]
	WP	Methanol	AGS, HT29, MCF-7 MCF-7& MDA-MB-231 cells	Isolated patriscabratine exerts moderate cytotoxicity against the cells except NIH3T3. The IC₅₀ values were between 69.8&197.3 μM, while IC₅₀ values for tetracosane ranged from 128.7 to > 250 μM.	[12]
	Ar	Methanol	AGS, HT29, MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231cells	IC₅₀ values for cytotoxic activity of isolated (2S,3S) sulfated pterosin C against the cells ranged from 23.9 to 68.8 μM. Lowest value of 23.9 μM was recorded against AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells.	[12]
Antibacterial	L & F	Methanol, Acetone Petroleum ether & Aqueous	S. marcescens, E. coli, S. aureus, M. luteus & P. aeruginosa	Methanol frond extract inhibited P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens &E.coli, while acetone extract inhibited all except M. luteus	[64]
Antibacterial	L	DMSO (32.25 & 500 mg/ml)	E. coli, S. paratyphi, S. aureus & P.aeruginosa	E. coli and S. aureus were more sensitive to the extract & growth inhibition was more profound at 250& 500 mg/ml	[65]
Antibacterial	L	Methanol & Water	Vibrio species	Methanol extract inhibited Vibrio parahaemolyticus	[66]
Anti- ulcer	Ar	Water (100-400 mg/kg)	Rat/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer	Extract reduced stomach ulcer and oxidative damage by increasing GSH CAT & SOD, while MDA, TNF-α, IL-6,IL-1β, IκBa &p65 were reduced	[5]
Anti-inflammatory	R	Ethanol (400 mg/kg)	Rats/ carrageenan- induced oedema	The extract exerts 65.90% reduction in paw volume similar to indomethacin	[67]
Wound healing	Rh & L	Aqueous	Rabbit/rat excisional wound	Both extracts stimulate collagens production, fibroblasts proliferation and cells epithelization	[68,69,70]
Anti-diarrheal	R	Ethanol (400 mg/kg)	Mice/ castor oil-induced diarrhea	Decreased diarrhea by 55% similar to loperamide	[71]
Nutritional	Rh			The rhizome is rich in starch, lipid, protein and minerals	[25, 72, 73]
Antiviral	Ar	Methanol	DENV2, CHIKV and hPiV3	Isolated novel phthalate showed antiviral activity against all the cell lines	[7]
Allergenic	Sp &Sm		Allergic rhinitis patients	Positive nasal provocation test	[74]
Allergenic	Sp		Human skin	Elicited dermal contact allergy	[75]
Anthelmintic	L	Ethanol, Water & Petroleum-ether	H. contortus	Ethanol extract was more effective in causing death and paralysis to H. contortus than other extracts. It exerts 50% reduction in faecal egg count of infected sheep.	[76]
Tyrosinase Inhibition	L	Methanol	Dopachrome	Inhibited tyrosinase activity by 33%	[77]
Phyto-remediation	WP		Shrimp farmland sediment soil	Root absorbed ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin	[78]
	WP		Shrimp farmland effluent	Reduction of pollution parameters including nitrate, BOD & COD	[79]
	WP		Plant irrigated with arsenate (0-500 ppm) water	Tolerance and reduction of arsenate toxicity	[80]
	L		Aqueous mixture containing Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺	Removal of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺from solution	[81]
	WP		Contaminated sediment	Bioaccumulation of Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb	[82]
	R		Pseudo-waste water	Removal of Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺	[83]

Key: L Leaves, TCL Tumor cell lines, WP Whole plant, HeLa Human cervical cancer cells, F Fronds, R Root, Rh Rhizome, S Stem, Ar Aerial part, T Twig, GSH Glutathione, SOD Superoxide dismutase, CAT Catalase, MDA Malondialdehyde, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α, IL6 Interleukin-6, IL-1β Interleukin-1β, DENV2 Dengue virus, CHIKV Chikungunya, hPiV3 Human parainfluenza virus type 3, Sp Spores, Sm Sporangial matter, GAE Gallic acid equivalent, QE Quercetin equivalent, B Benzene, TPC Total phenolic content

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