Fig. 4

Spatial memory test via elevated maize model in the different treatment groups. Where, values are indicated as mean ± SEM; (n = 5) in each group. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test when RCLD, RCHD, and SDTG groups were compared to the I/R group, while the I/R group was compared to the Sham group. ^ap < 0.01, when compared to Sham Group, ^bp < 0.05, ^cp < 0.01, ^dp < 0.001 when compared to I/R group